In China, nearly 20% of land area is desert. 50. . Desertification in China is a major problem for Beijing, as the country's deserts are growing, threatening environmental, economic, and political stability. Another definition of desertification is the spread of desert-like conditions of low biological productivity due to human impact under . Humans are driving the transformation of drylands into desert on an unprecedented scale around the world, with serious consequences. To assess the effects of grazing management on CH4 uptake in desert steppes, we investigated soil-atmosphere CH4 exchange during the winter-spring transition period. The area of sandy land has fallen to about 1,900 sq km each year, in contrast with an annual expansion of about 3,400 . Home to a third of the human population in 2000, drylands occupy nearly half of Earth's land area. Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, China lost . The term desertification itself, "is a bureaucratic word that appeared after the Sahel drought of the . The best way to control population growth is based on a combination of political education . 26 expansion continues at the same rate. Through its . The Desertification of the Gobi Desert and Its Effect on Beijing I. China population is fed by only 7% of the country. China is one of the countries most severely impacted by desertification which encompasses over 30 percent of the total land territory (approximately 3 327 million km 2) and adversely affects 400 million people. In turn, many farmers may lose their livelihood, since they often solely rely on farming as their single source of income. Sand is slowly burying the once-flourishing Malian town of . Azerbaijan. This is an issue that goes far beyond China. Home to a third of the human population in 2000, drylands occupy nearly half of Earth's land area. Globally around 2 billion acres of land have become deserts in the past 50 years. In 1994, the UN established the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) as the "sole legally binding international agreement linking environment and development to sustainable land management". The 'Green Wall of China' is a major example of combating desertification in China. Increased stocking rate promotes steppe degradation, with unclear consequences for gas exchanges. According to the U.N. FAO, 21.9% or about 206,861,000 ha of China is forested, according to FAO. For years, China's deserts spread at an annual rate of more than 1,300 square miles. Desertification. As a result of poor farming practices and drought, the U.S. became intimately acquainted with desertification in the 1930s. In 2004, Xinjiang's deserts were estimated to be expanding at a rate of 10,700 hectares per year, but this was a great improvement over previous years that had seen an expansion of 38,400 . In eight states—Rajasthan, Delhi, Goa, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Nagaland, Tripura and Himachal Pradesh—around 40 to 70 per cent of land has undergone desertification. It's been so successful that it reduces almost 2000 square kilometres ( km 2 ) of desert land every year! Defining desertification. Windbreak s made of trees have been planted throughout the Sahel , the southern border region of the Sahara Desert. The vast arid land of China, which includes the historic Gobi Desert, encompasses up to 27 percent of the country's land, and that number is growing. Alternative Farming and Industrial Techniques: Alternative . The Gobi Desert is continuously growing at an alarming rate due to desertification, the process in which fertile land becomes dry and arid. Desertification has been defined as land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities[11]. The big problem is that China's farmland has disappeared at an alarming rate and the country may no longer be able to self-produce its food supply. Wang Tianchang, 78, a veteran of China's decades-long state campaign to "open up the wilderness", prepares to light up his pipe at his house on the edge of the Gobi desert, on the outskirts of . Action Against Desertification works on the restoration of over 3 251 . However, thanks to decades-long efforts to combat desertification, China has achieved substantial progress in sand control and ecological protection. For example, the destruction of the native tropical forest in the Indus Valley opened up a pathway for the desert to claim more and more land, leading to the doom of the Harrapan Civilization. The desert-affected land in China is mainly located in the semi-arid agro-pastoral transition region, the semi-arid undulating sand y grasslands, and the arid oases and lower reaches of inland rivers in north and northwest China. When land degradation occurs in the drylands, it is referred to as. Figure 3 indicates a considerable global . The Tengger Desert, located on the southern edge of the Gobi Desert, has grown at an annual rate of more than 1,350 square miles. With almost 45 percent of its total land area covered by desert, Xinjiang is one of the most severely affected regions impacted by desertification in China. Retrieved from Wikipedia commons. I will do so using data stored in a The current rate of desertification is around 15 million acres per year, the worst being in sub-saharan Africa. Liu Tuo . Desertification in China About 28 percent of China is covered by desert and that amount of desert in China is getting larger every year. According to statistics, China has 2.61 million square kilometers of desert, meaning more than a quarter of the country's land is either degraded or lost to sand. Desertification Crisis Affecting 168 Countries Worldwide, Study Shows. / Catena 53 (2003) 255 . Goal Asses the rate of desertification of the Gobi desert, and determine, at its current rate, how long until it spans into Beijing, China's second largest city. Across the world, desertification affects the livelihoods of millions of people who rely on the benefits that dryland ecosystems can provide. Desertification in the arid regions of Asia is characterized by overgrazing of the rangelands of the Middle East and Central Asia, water erosion of cultivated lands from eastern China to the Mediterranean Sea, and salinization and waterlogging on a large scale in Iraq, Pakistan, China, and the Soviet Union. China aims to raise its overall forest coverage rate to 24.1% by the end of 2025 from 23.04% at the end of last year, according to its forest and grassland five-year plan published this week. All countries in the world face challenges in dealing with environmental problems stemming from climate change. Allen maintains that overcultivation depletes soil of vital nutrients. It . Goal Asses the rate of desertification of the Gobi desert, and determine, at its current rate, how long until it spans into Beijing, China's second largest city. Deforestation - is the clearance or clearing of a forest of a stand of trees, where the land is cleared and may be used for other purposes. These areas were identified by analysing spatial changes in climate indicators over the last 60 years. China official warns of 300-year desertification fight. Given the scale of the problem and insufficient national financing, combating desertification remains an arduous task. China's challenges in adapting to climate change are particularly acute as it is a country struggling to prevent even more pollution and natural disasters that stem, in part, from 30 years of unchecked economic growth. But this success comes at the cost of deterioration of the environment. Many villages have been lost. Land and water management: Sustainable land use can fix issues such as overgrazing, overexploitation of plants, trampling of soils and irrigation practices that cause and worsen desertification. Experts estimate that farmers lose thousands of square kilometers of grassland every year as a result of climate change, particularly that caused by human activity. Overgrazing: The 2021 Desertification and Drought Day on 17 June will focus on turning degraded land into healthy land. Farmers set the stage for the dust bowl period as they plowed the natural prairie grasses in the Great Plains to make room to farm wheat. 19 In China, desert expansion has accelerated in each successive decade since 1950. Activists from around the world banded together via a website called "Global Witness" to force the Chinese government to crackdown on illegal loggers, cutting down trees in Burma and . It not only has endangered residents in desertification regions of North China, but has also threatened residents in East & South China by sandstorms ( Zhang et al., 1996 ). The discussion in the course regarding the experience of China during Mao . News of increased desertification has made headlines. Trees and other vegetation are being planted to break the force of the wind and to hold the soil. To date, most sandy . Desertification and Lake desiccation and salinization. Each year, desertification and drought account for US$42 billion loss in food productivity worldwide. Of this 5.6% ( 11,632,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. For reference, the global average soil erosion rate is 2.4 t ha −1 yr −1, and we estimate the average country discontinuity at 1.4 t ha −1 yr −1. Desertification is the persistent degradation of dryland ecosystems by variations in climate and human activities. The desert areas are scattered among 12 provincial-level regions in north China. It helps biodiversity to recover. The Impact of Desertification. This statistic shows forest coverage in China in 2015, as well as the target set according to the 13th five-year plan . Climatic variation and human factors are the main causes of desertification in China. There is a serious problem on the horizon for China. Liu Tuo . According to the fifth survey of desertification in China, desertification caused by wind erosion affects 1.8 million km 2, accounting for 69.9% of China's desertified land area; these areas are. Restoring degraded land brings economic resilience, creates jobs, raises incomes and increases food security. By 2010, over 57 percent of Ningxia's territory (2.97 million hectares) was affected by desertification, with more than 3 million people suffering the consequences - including sandstorms and dust pollution. Many villages have been lost. (2012) 338 used satellite data to identify desertification in Inner Mongolia, China and found a link between policy changes and the locations and extent of human-caused desertification. Which of these countries has the lowest literacy rate? Desertification and land degradation in China are both natural and human-induced. Than desert in Rajasthan covers about 12,000 hectares of land. China Forest Information and Data. Out of a total land area of 4.3 billion hectares, some 1.7 billion hectares of land is arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid. Protection of vegetative cover: Protecting soil from wind and water erosion helps to prevent the loss of ecosystem services during droughts. . Desertification also tends to increase albedo, decreasing energy 28 available at the surface and associated surface temperatures, producing a negative feedback on climate 29 change (high confidence). For example, the 2004 global population growth rate was 1.14%, but in Africa, the rate was 2.4%. Deserts are being created faster in China than anywhere else in the world, with old deserts expanding and new deserts being formed. Figure 1: Desertification in Ningxia, China. Many villages have been lost. It was co-organized by the UNCCD secretariat . Background Methane (CH4) uptake by steppe soils is affected by a range of specific factors and is a complex process. A major effect of desertification is the decrease in crop yields. . It caused employment problems and slowed increases in living standards and educational levels. desert is divided into two kinds (fixed and mobile) or three kinds (fixed, part fixed or mobile), according to the extent of the activity of the sand dunes. Several oasis regions in China have seen increases in cropland area, while forests, grasslands and available water resources have decreased (Fu et al . Abstract PIP: The rapid population growth rate (2% annually from 1949 to 1978) caused great difficulties for China's national economy because it increased the burden of families, communities, and government. The mean annual rate of desertification has risen from approximately 1142 km2 in the 1960s to 2460 km2 in the 1990s. It is expanding into China's grassland. China had 77,157,000 ha of planted forest. Desertification is the persistent degradation of dryland ecosystems by variations in climate and human activities. China is the world's top emitter, producing more than a quarter of the world's annual greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. What factor explains the settlement pattern along the border between Mongolia and China? More to it, 26 of 29 Indian states have reported an increase in the area undergoing desertification in the past 10 years. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Desertification Synthesis (2005) [pdf 3Mb] Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Global Environment Outlook: environment for development GEO-4 assessment is a comprehensive and authoritative UN report on environment, development and human well-being, providing incisive analysis and information for decision making. The UN FAO estimate that 10 million hectares of forest were cut down each year. The analysis highlighted significant shifts in climate . For years, China's deserts spread at an annual rate of more than 1,350 square miles. Settlement is sparse because the Gobi Desert is located there. The World Bank has estimated that desertification costs the Chinese economy some US$31 billion per year. The loss of fertile land to desertification has brought an end to many majestic civilizations throughout the human history. Around 27% of China is covered in desert. Two students are discussing causes of desertification in semi-arid locales. There are now dunes forming just 44 miles from Beijing, and some estimates put the Gobi's crawl south toward the capital at a pace of almost 2 miles per . U.S. analysts estimate that Mexico is forced to abandon 400 square miles of farmland to desertification each year. They are certainly driven by multiple forces. Overgrazing - is the extensive grazing . . Desertification remains a serious problem, consuming an area greater than the area used as farmland. China is severely affected by desertification, with more than a quarter of its territory covered in desert. A replacement is being developed and will be available soon. These facts about desertification clearly show how desertification has become a global issue. Forest coverage targets in China 2020. The Sahelian drought that began in 1968 was responsible for the deaths of between 100,000 and 250,000 people, the disruption of millions of lives, and the collapse of the agricultural bases of five countries (photograph by Daniel Stiles, UNEP). Desertification threatens the subsistence of about a third of China's population, especially those in the country's west and north, and could pose serious challenges to political and economic. Severe land degradation is now affecting 168 countries across the world, according to new research released by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The areas affected by desertification in the country are marginal. It is the spread of arid areas caused by a variety of factors, such as climate change and overexploitation of soil as a result of human activity. Unlike the natural grasses, wheat wasn't hearty enough to endure drought. Between 1997 and 2007, roughly 755,000 hectares were lost each year to development, erosion, and desertification. Climate change and human activities have accelerated the desertification. Yet this process is not well understood. Desertification, explained. Some of these environmental refugees end up in Mexican cities, others cross the northern border into the United States. Causes of Desertification: 1. Over the decade since 2010, the net loss in forests globally was 4.7 million hectares per year. China says. Of India's total geographical area of 328.72 million hectares (MHA), 96.4 MHA (32%) is under desertification. Ethiopia. A senior Chinese official has said it will take 300 years to turn back China's advancing deserts at the current rate of progress. The Desertification of the Gobi Desert and Its Effect on Beijing I. A combination of environmental and human factors are to blame, but climate change is making things worse. May 19, 2021 2:20 pm (EST) Summary. China's environmental problems, including outdoor and indoor air pollution, water shortages and pollution, desertification, and soil pollution, have become more pronounced and are subjecting Chinese residents to significant health risks. China's outer regions are resource rich, yet they help comprise the 2.6 million km², or one third of China, that is classified as desert or wasteland. The figure, based on submissions from countries to the UN, is a marked increase on the last . 90% of China's desertification occurs in the west of the country. A senior Chinese official has said it will take 300 years to turn back China's advancing deserts at the current rate of progress. The world's great deserts were formed by natural processes interacting over long . The symposium was held in the United Nations University in Tokyo, where the observance of the International Year for Desert and Desertification was held 11 years ago, and in commemoration of over the 20 years of the implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The United Nations has deemed it one of the greatest challenges for our environment. Climate change and human activities have accelerated desertification. Spread the lovemore According to statistics released by the State Forestry Administration, China has 2.6 million square km of desert that accounts for 27 percent of the country's total land area. Desertification in India. Net forest loss is not the same as deforestation - it measures deforestation plus any gains in forest over a given period. Once land turns from arable to arid, it is often on longer suitable for farming purposes anymore. A leading role of climatic factors in desertification has been reported for the Mu Us Desert in China, the northern part of Burkina Faso in western Africa, as well as the entire Sahara Desert (Rasmussen et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2017a; Winstanley, 1973), with the impact of climate on desertification mainly attributed to changes in rainfall and . The Gobi desert is expanding in a process known as desertification. Historically, China had focused on sandy desertification, which is caused by wind erosion [6]. Afghanistan. Desertification. China official warns of 300-year desertification fight. Desertification is a type of land degradation in drylands in which biological productivity is lost due to natural processes or induced by human activities whereby fertile areas become increasingly arid. toms are exacerbated by high population growth rates in drylands. Following the creation […] Desertification is defined as "a type of land . Although desertification has been curbed in some areas, it is still expanding at a rate of more than 67 km 2 every year. . According to the United Nations, desertification directly affects 250 million people worldwide, including in parts of the United States. Li et al. Across the world, desertification affects the livelihoods of millions of people who rely on the benefits that dryland ecosystems can provide. China (42j55VN, F.-R. Li et al. This places additional strain on already delicate physical systems as vegetation and natural forest cover - earth's natural defense against land degradation - are Dust storms have increased heavily damaging agriculture. The project has been going on for 50 years and planted 66 billion trees in the great green wall. An estimated 92 000 hectares of forests and woodlands, as well as 2 billion metric tons of fertile soil are lost every year in Ethiopia due to improper land use, poor land management practices, population pressure, overgrazing, deforestation and climate change. Overall, as the rate of desertification increases, thousands of people are impacted every day. China is experiencing desertification at an alarming rate - as much as 1,300 square miles each year. Decrease in crop yields. China began a nationwide desertification assessment in the mid-1980s. Consider the following Statements In eight states—Rajasthan, Delhi, Goa, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Nagaland, Tripura and Himachal Pradesh—around 40 to 70 per cent of land has undergone desertification. Sub-Saharan Africa is drying up, as are regions of Turkey that were once rich agricultural lands. It ranges from 10 people per square kilometer in the deserts to 71 people in the dry sub-humid (rangelands) areas. Desertification is the gradual transformation of arable and habitable land into desert, usually caused by climate change and/or the improper use of land. A recently published JRC study identified the following geographic regions as prone to desertification: north-eastern Brazil, south-western Argentina, the southern Sahel, Zambia and Zimbabwe, Sub-Himalayan India, and north-eastern China. Published by C. Textor , Aug 6, 2021. 2021 Desertification and Drought Day. Desertification is the process of land turning into desert as the quality of the soil declines over time. The Convention itself was a response to a call at the UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 to hold negotiations for an international legal . Many countries are working to reduce the rates of desertification. Afforestation Along the Gobi Desert's Margin, Northern China. The current rate of species extinction is conservatively estimated at times greater than the background rate. There is a history of activism in regard to deforestation throughout China. This link is no longer available. 2.2. 1 However, deforestation rates were much significantly higher. Desertification . I will do so using data stored in a More than 27% of the country comprises of a desert. According to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, the amount of land in China lost to desertification each year has fallen to 2,400 sq km, compared with expansion of about 10,400 sq km annually late last century. Many countries around the world suffer from the problems caused by desertification but it . The desertification rate has increased from 1.56 × 10 3 km 2 per year during 1950-1975 to 3.6 × 10 3 km 2 per year during 1988-2000 ( Wang et al., 2012a, Wang et al., 2012b ). Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in northwestern China is surrounded by three major deserts. In these areas, net carbon uptake is about 27% lower than 27 in other areas (low confidence). 26 of 29 Indian states have reported an . February 2009. Like Iran, Mongolia and Pakistan, deserts are expanding in China.

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